Fatigue failure is the main form of failure of steel structures, and has attracted great attention from engineering and academia. The paper summarized the status of research, nationally and internationally, on the fatigue properties of high strength steel base metal, weld joints and bolt connections, and introduced the theoretical calculation method for the fatigue life. Based on a large number of test data, the development rules of fatigue life of high strength steels were analyzed. The fatigue resistance of high strength steel base metals and joints was evaluated based on different the relevant national and international design codes. The results show that the fatigue performance of high strength steel base materials increases with the strength grade of steel. The normative design curve is conservative and significantly underestimates the fatigue resistance of high strength steel base metals. Due to the welding process and welding quality, the fatigue strength of high strength steel weld joints does not increase as significantly with the strength grade as the base materials. The design curves specified in the ANSI/AISC 360-10 and the EN 1993-1-9 codes can provide a good estimate of the fatigue properties of the Q460D and Q690D weld joints and have sufficient safety reserves. The fatigue strength of bolted joints is affected by many factors such as the pre-tightening force, treatment of friction surface and hole forming method. It has been shown that the fatigue strength increases with the steel strength. The design curves specified in the ANSI/AISC 360-10 and the BS 7608-2014 codes are suitable for the fatigue life calculation of Q460 bolt connections, with sufficient safety guarantee. For the evaluation of fatigue properties of Q690 steel bolt connections, the code method is conservative. With the increasing application of high strength steel in practical engineering, it is necessary to carry out a large number of fatigue tests of different grades of high strength steel base metal and joint forms, and timely supplement the fatigue design method and connection details for steels of grade Q460 and above.